Twaba dushaka gukora kole cyangwa kugura kole, akenshi tubona ko kole zimwe na zimwe zifite icyemezo cya ROHS, icyemezo cya NFS, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwa kole, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, nibindi, ibi bigereranya iki? Bihure na siway iri hepfo!
ROHS ni iki?
ROHS ni igipimo ngenderwaho cyashyizweho n'amategeko y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, izina ryayo ryuzuye ni Amabwiriza yerekeyeKugabanya ibintu biteje akaga mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi. Iri hame rizashyirwa mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2006, rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugenzura amahame agenga ibikoresho n'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo rirusheho gufasha ubuzima bw'abantu no kurengera ibidukikije. Intego y'iri hame ni ukuvanaho lisansi, mercure, cadmium, hexvalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls na polybrominated biphenyls ethers mu bicuruzwa bya moteri n'iby'ikoranabuhanga, kandi kwibanda ku bikubiye muri lisansi ntibigomba kurenga 1%.
NSF ni iki? FDA ni iki? Itandukaniro riri hagati yabo ni irihe?
1. NSF ni incamake y'icyongereza y'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubuzima cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kikaba ari umuryango udaharanira inyungu w’umuntu wa gatatu. Ishingiye ku mahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, binyuze mu guteza imbere amahame ngenderwaho, ibizamini n’igenzura, imicungire y’inyandiko z’impamyabumenyi n’igenzura, uburezi n’amahugurwa, ubushakashatsi n’ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura ibicuruzwa n’ikoranabuhanga bifitanye isano n’ubuzima rusange n’ibidukikije.
2. Ku bijyanye n'icyemezo cya NSF, Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubuzima (NSF) si ikigo cya leta, ahubwo ni ikigo cyigenga kidaharanira inyungu. Intego yacyo ni ukunoza ubuzima bw'abaturage. NSF igizwe n'impuguke mu by'ubuzima rusange n'isuku, harimo ibigo bya leta, za kaminuza, inganda n'amatsinda y'abaguzi. Akazi kayo kibanda ku gushyiraho amahame ngenderwaho mu iterambere no gucunga ibicuruzwa byose bigira ingaruka ku isuku, ubuzima rusange, n'ibindi. NSF ifite laboratwari yuzuye isuzuma ibicuruzwa byose byapimwe kugira ngo harebwe ko byujuje ibisabwa n'amabwiriza y'igenzura. Inganda zose zitabira isuzuma rya NSF ku bushake zishobora gushyiraho icyapa cya NSF ku bicuruzwa n'inyandiko zivuga ku bicuruzwa kugira ngo zigaragaze ko ari inyangamugayo.
3, ibigo byemewe na NSF, ni ukuvuga ibigo bya NSF, nk'ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ubuvuzi, ibiribwa, ubuzima, uburezi n'ibindi. Iki gicuruzwa gifitanye isano n'icyiciro kingana nacyo. Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (FDA) ni kimwe mu bigo by'ubuyobozi byashyizweho na guverinoma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu Ishami ry'Ubuzima n'Imibereho Myiza y'Abaturage (DHHS) na Minisiteri y'Ubuzima Rusange (PHS). Ikigo gishinzwe kwemeza NSF ni umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu, ufite amateka y'imyaka 50, ukora cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'ubuzima rusange n'umutekano n'ubuzima ndetse no mu mirimo yo kwemeza ibikomoka ku biribwa, amahame menshi y'inganda z'icyo gihugu yubahirizwa cyane ku isi, kandi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gifatwa nk'amahame ngenderwaho. Ni amahame ngenderwaho yemewe mu nganda kuruta icyemezo cya FDA cy'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika.
SGS ni iki? Ni iyihe sano iri hagati ya SGS na ROHS?
SGS ni incamake ya Societe Generale de Surveillance SA, isobanurwa nka "Ikigo cy'ubunotateri rusange". Yashinzwe mu 1887, ubu ni yo sosiyete nini kandi ya kera cyane ku isi yigenga ikora ibijyanye n'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa no gusuzuma tekiniki. Ifite icyicaro gikuru i Geneve, ifite amashami 251 hirya no hino ku isi. ROHS ni amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, SGS ishobora gupima ibicuruzwa no kwemeza sisitemu hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ROHS. Ariko mu by'ukuri, si raporo ya SGS gusa yemewe, hari n'izindi nzego zipima ibicuruzwa, nka ITS n'ibindi.
Uburyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bukoresha amashanyarazi ni iki?
Gutwara ubushyuhe bivuga mu gihe cy’ihererekanya ry’ubushyuhe rihoraho, ubugari bwa metero 1, itandukaniro ry’ubushyuhe ku mpande zombi z’ubuso ni dogere 1 (K,°C), mu isaha 1, unyuze ku buso bwa metero kare 1 y’ihererekanya ry’ubushyuhe, igice ni watt/metero · dogere (W/(m·K), aho K ishobora gusimburwa na ℃).
Uburyo ubushyuhe butwara ibintu bufitanye isano n'imiterere y'ibikoresho, ubucucike, ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe n'ibindi bintu. Ibikoresho bifite imiterere idahinduka kandi bifite ubucucike buke bifite ubushyuhe buke. Iyo ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe by'ibikoresho biri hasi, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu buba buke.
RTV ni iki?
RTV ni incamake ya "Room Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber" mu Cyongereza, yitwa "room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber" cyangwa "room temperature cured silicone rubber", ni ukuvuga ko iyi silicone rubber ishobora kuvurwa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba (ibyuma bikingira ubushyuhe ni silicone ishyushye cyane). RTV antifouling flashover coating yakiriwe cyane n'abakoresha sisitemu y'amashanyarazi kubera ubushobozi bwayo bukomeye bwo kurwanya ifu ya flashover, nta kuyitaho no koroshya gusiga, kandi yatejwe imbere vuba.
UL ni iki? Ni amanota angahe UL ifite?
UL ni ijambo rihinnye rya Underwriter Laboratories Ins. UL Igipimo cyo gutwika: Gutwika. UL Igipimo cya UL94 ni cyo gipimo gikoreshwa cyane mu gutwika ibikoresho bya pulasitiki. Gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho byo gupfa nyuma yo gushya. Hakurikijwe umuvuduko wo gutwika, igihe cyo gutwika, kudatwika kw'amazi ndetse no kumenya niba igitonyanga kirimo gushya bishobora kugira uburyo butandukanye bwo gusuzuma. Ingano nyinshi zishobora kuboneka kuri buri gikoresho kiri mu igeragezwa bitewe n'ibara cyangwa ubunini. Iyo ibikoresho by'igicuruzwa byatoranijwe, igipimo cyabyo cya UL kigomba kuba cyujuje igipimo cyo gutwika cy'ibice bya pulasitiki kuva kuri HB, V-2, V-1 kugeza kuri V-0: HB: igipimo cyo hasi cyane cyo gutwika mu gipimo cya UL94. Ku bipimo bifite ubugari bwa mm 3 kugeza kuri 13, igipimo cyo gutwika kiri munsi ya mm 40 ku munota; Ku bipimo bifite ubugari bwa mm 3, igipimo cyo gutwika kiri munsi ya mm 70 ku munota; Cyangwa kuzimya imbere y'ikimenyetso cya mm 100.
V-2: Nyuma y'ibizamini bibiri byo gutwika mu masegonda 10 ku gipimo, umuriro ushobora kuzimwa mu masegonda 60, kandi bimwe mu bishya bishobora kugwa.
V-1: Nyuma y'ibizamini bibiri byo gutwika mu masegonda 10 ku gipimo, umuriro ushobora kuzimwa mu masegonda 60, kandi nta kintu na kimwe gishobora gutwika gishobora kugwa.
V-0: Nyuma y'ibizamini bibiri byo gutwika mu masegonda 10 ku gipimo, umuriro ushobora kuzimwa mu masegonda 30, kandi nta kintu na kimwe gishobora gutwika gishobora kugwa.
Izi ni ingingo zizwi cyane ku bijyanye n'amakori ahuriweho na siway, Shanghai Siway Building Materials Co., Limited yashinzwe mu 1984, Kuri ubu, ifite icyemezo mpuzamahanga cya ISO9001:2015 cy'ubuziranenge ndetse n'icyemezo cya ISO14001 cy'imicungire y'ibidukikije hamwe n'izindi mpamyabumenyi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 10-2024