Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bwinshi busanzwe bw'ibifunga by'ingufu bihindura imiterere y'ibice bimwe ku isoko, cyane cyane ibikomoka kuri silicone na polyurethane. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibifunga by'ingufu bufite itandukaniro mu matsinda yabyo akora n'imiterere y'uruhererekane rw'ingenzi rwavuwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari imbogamizi nyinshi mu bice byabyo n'imirima yabyo. Aha, turagaragaza uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'ibifunga by'ingufu byinshi bikoreshwa mu gupima imiterere y'ibifunga by'ingufu bimwe kandi tukagereranya ibyiza n'ibibi by'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibifunga by'ingufu, kugira ngo twiyongere ubumenyi bwacu kandi dufate amahitamo akwiye mu mikoreshereze ifatika.
1. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukingira irangi rikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe
Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gufunga ibintu bishya birimo: silicone (SR), polyurethane (PU), polyurethane yahinduwe ya silyl (SPU), polyether ya silyl (MS), Prepolymer ifite amatsinda atandukanye y’imikorere n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima.
1.1Uburyo bwo gusiga silicone elastomer sealant
Ishusho ya 1. Uburyo bwo gusiga silicone sealant
Iyo hakoreshejwe ibifunga bya silicone, prepolymer ikora hamwe n'ubushuhe mu kirere hanyuma igakomera cyangwa igakomera bitewe n'igikorwa cya catalyst. Ibikomoka kuri iyo ngingo ni ibintu bito bya molekile. Uburyo bw'imikorere bugaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 1. Dukurikije ibintu bitandukanye bya molekile birekurwa mu gihe cyo gukaraba, silicone sealant ishobora kandi kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa deaside, ubwoko bwa deketoxime, n'ubwoko bwa dealcoholization. Ibyiza n'ibibi by'ubu bwoko bwa kole ya silicone bikubiye muri Imbonerahamwe ya 1.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1. Igereranya ry'ibyiza n'ibibi by'ubwoko butandukanye bwa kole za silicone
1.2 Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi rya polyurethane elastic
Isefa ya polyurethane ifite igice kimwe (PU) ni ubwoko bwa polymer irimo ibice bya urethane bisubiramo (-NHCOO-) mu ruhererekane rw'ingenzi rwa molekile. Uburyo bwo gucukura ni uko isocyanate ihura n'amazi igakora karubomatike idahindagurika, hanyuma ibora vuba ikabyara CO2 na amine, hanyuma amine igahura na isocyanate irenze muri sisitemu, hanyuma igakora elastomer ifite imiterere y'urusobe rw'amakuru. Uburyo bwayo bwo gucukura ni ubu bukurikira:
Ishusho ya 1. Uburyo bwo gukosora ikoreshwa rya polyurethane sealant
1.3 Uburyo bwo gusiga silane-modified polyurethane sealant
Ishusho ya 3. Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya polyurethane sealant yahinduwe na silane
Bitewe n'intege nke zimwe na zimwe za polyurethane sealants, polyurethane iherutse guhindurwa na silane kugira ngo itegure kole, ikora ubwoko bushya bwa kole yo gufunga ifite urunigi runini rw'imiterere ya polyurethane n'itsinda rya alkoxysilane, ryitwa silane-modified polyurethane sealant (SPU). Uburyo bwo gukaraba bw'ubu bwoko bwa sealant busa n'ubwa silicone, ni ukuvuga ko amatsinda ya alkoxy agirana n'ubushuhe kugira ngo anyurwe na hydrolysis na polycondensation kugira ngo akore imiterere ihamye ya Si-O-Si y'ibice bitatu (Ishusho ya 3). Ingingo zihuza urusobe rw'amakuru n'izihuza hagati y'ingingo zihuza urusobe rw'amakuru ni imiterere y'ibice bihuza urusobe rw'amakuru.
1.4 Uburyo bwo gukangura ibikoresho byo gufunga bya polyether byarangiye hakoreshejwe silyl
Ifu ya polyether ya silyl-terminated polyether sealant (MS) ni kole ifite imiterere imwe ishingiye ku ihinduka rya silane. Ihuza ibyiza bya polyurethane na silikoni, ni ubwoko bushya bw'ibicuruzwa bya kole ifite imiterere isanzwe, idafite PVC, amavuta ya silikoni, isocyanate na solvent. Kole ya MS ihura n'ubushuhe buri mu kirere ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, ku buryo polymer ya silani ifite imiterere ya -Si(OR) CYANGWA -SIR (OR)- iterwa na hydrolyze ku mpera y'umunyururu hanyuma igahuzwa na elastomer ifite imiterere ya Si-O-Si network kugira ngo igere ku musaruro wo gufunga no guhuza. Uburyo bwo gukosora ni ubu bukurikira:
Ishusho ya 4. Uburyo bwo kuvura imvange ya polyether ya silyl
2. Kugereranya ibyiza n'ibibi by'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gufunga ibintu bikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe
2.1 Ibyiza n'ibibi by'ibikoresho byo gufunga bya silicone
⑴Ibyiza bya silicone sealant:
① Irwanya ikirere neza, irwanya ogisijeni, irwanya ozone ndetse irwanya urumuri rwa ultraviolet; ② Ifite ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushyuhe buri hasi.
⑵Ibibi bya silicone sealant:
①Nta gusimbuza neza kandi ntibishobora gusigwa irangi; ②Imbara nke zo kwangirika; ③Nta mavuta ahagije yo kwirinda; ④Nta gutobora; ⑤Urukuta rworoshye rutanga amavuta yangiza beto, amabuye n'ibindi bintu birekuye.
2.2 Ibyiza n'ibibi by'ibifunga bya Polyurethane
⑴Ibyiza byo gufunga polyurethane:
① Ifata neza ibintu bitandukanye; ② Ifite ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushyuhe buke; ③ Ifite ubushobozi bwo kugorora no gusubiza ibintu mu buryo bwiza, ikwiriye ingingo zihinduka; ④ Ifite imbaraga nyinshi mu byuma, irwanya kwangirika neza, irwanya amavuta no kurwanya gusaza kw'ibinyabuzima; ⑤ Ibyuma byinshi bifunga bya polyurethane bigabanya ubushuhe ntibigira ssolve kandi nta mwanda bigira ku kintu cyangwa ibidukikije; ⑥ Ubuso bw'icyuma gifunga bushobora gusigwa irangi kandi byoroshye gukoresha.
⑵Ibibi byo gufunga polyurethane:
① Iyo irashya mu kirere kirimo ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe bwinshi ku muvuduko wihuta, ibibyimba byoroshye gukora, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya sealant; ② Iyo ifatana kandi igafunga ibice by'ibintu bidafite imyenge (nk'ikirahure, icyuma, nibindi), muri rusange hakenewe primer; ③ Ibara rito cyane rishobora kwangirika bitewe no gusaza kwa UV, kandi uburyo kole ibikwamo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gupfunyika no ku miterere y'inyuma; ④ Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe n'ubudahangarwa bwo gusaza ntibihagije.
2.3 Ibyiza n'ibibi by'ibifunga bya polyurethane byahinduwe na silane
⑴Ibyiza byo gufunga polyurethane yahinduwe na silane:
① Gutera umuti ntibitanga uduheri; ② Bifite ubushobozi bwo koroshya ibintu, birwanya hydrolysis kandi birwanya imiti; ③ Birwanya ikirere neza, birwanya ubushyuhe, birwanya gusaza, birwanya kubika ibicuruzwa; ④ Bishobora kwihuza n'ibintu bya substrate, iyo bifatanye Muri rusange, nta primer ikenewe; ⑤Ubuso bushobora gusigwa irangi.
⑵Ibibi byo gufunga polyurethane yahinduwe na silane:
① Ubudahangarwa bwa UV ntabwo ari bwiza nk'ubwa silicone sealant; ② Ubudahangarwa bwa "fall" ni bubi gato kurusha ubwa polyurethane sealant.
2.4 Ibyiza n'ibibi by'ibifunga bya polyether byarangiye bya silyl
⑴Ibyiza byo gufunga polyether ya silyl-terminated:
① Ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhuza ibintu byinshi kandi ishobora gutuma habaho guhuza bidakoresha primer; ② Irwanya ubushyuhe kandi irwanya gusaza kwa UV kurusha polyurethane isanzwe; ③ Ishobora gusigwa irangi ku buso bwayo.
⑵Ibibi byo gufunga polyether ya silyl-terminated:
① Ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere ntabwo ari bwiza nk'ubwa silicone ya silicone, kandi imikaka igaragara hejuru nyuma yo gusaza; ② Gufata neza ikirahure ni bike.
Dukurikije iri jambo ryavuzwe haruguru, dufite ubumenyi bw'ibanze ku buryo bwo gukangura bw'ubwoko butandukanye bukoreshwa cyane bw'ibifunga by'ingufu bikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe, kandi tugereranije ibyiza n'ibibi byabyo, dushobora gusobanukirwa muri rusange buri gicuruzwa. Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, ibifunga bishobora gutoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere nyayo y'igice gifunga kugira ngo habeho gufunga neza cyangwa gufatana neza kw'igice gishyirwamo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-15-2023